Guideline for Implementing Software Design Patterns
In the realm of software engineering, design patterns play a crucial role in creating efficient, flexible, and maintainable code. These patterns, which originate largely from the "Gang of Four" (GoF) design pattern book, provide solutions to common design problems and promote code reuse.
Creational Design Patterns
Creational design patterns focus on object creation mechanisms, aiming to create objects in a manner suitable to the situation. Notable examples include:
- Singleton: Ensures a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to it.
- Factory Method: Defines an interface for creating an object but lets subclasses decide which class to instantiate.
- Builder: Separates the construction of a complex object from its representation, allowing the same construction process to create different representations.
- Prototype: Specifies the kinds of objects to create using a prototypical instance, creating new objects by copying this prototype.
Structural Design Patterns
Structural design patterns address class and object composition. They help design flexible and reusable classes and objects. Examples include:
- Adapter: Allows incompatible interfaces to work together by converting the interface of one class into another expected by clients.
- Decorator: Adds responsibilities to objects dynamically without altering their structure.
- Facade: Provides a simplified interface to a complex subsystem.
- Composite: Composes objects into tree structures to represent part-whole hierarchies, allowing clients to treat individual objects and compositions uniformly.
Behavioral Design Patterns
Behavioral design patterns deal with communication between objects. They focus on defining common communication patterns between objects and promoting loose coupling. Examples include:
- Observer: Defines a one-to-many dependency so that when one object changes state, all its dependents are notified and updated automatically.
- Strategy: Defines a family of algorithms, encapsulates each one, and makes them interchangeable.
- Command: Encapsulates a request as an object, thereby letting you parameterize clients with queues, requests, and operations.
- Iterator: Provides a way to access elements of a collection sequentially without exposing its underlying representation.
Other design patterns worth mentioning include:
- Bridge: Allows the Abstraction and Implementation to be developed independently.
- Template Method: Defines an algorithm as a collection of skeleton operations, with the child classes handling the implementation of the specifics.
- Memento: Is used to return an object's state to its initial state.
- Proxy: Represents, or is in place of, or on behalf of another object.
- Command: Transforms a request into an independent object with all of the information's request, which can be passed around, stored, and executed at a later time.
- Facade: Provides a unified interface to a set of interfaces in a subsystem.
- Chain Of Responsibility: Is used to achieve loose coupling in software design where a request from the client is passed to a chain of objects to process them.
- Composite: Characterizes a collection of items that are handled the same way as a single instance of the same type of object.
- Flyweight: Provides ways to decrease object count, improving application required object structure.
- Strategy: Selects an object's behavior at runtime.
- Visitor: Is used when we have to perform an operation on a group of similar kind of Objects. With the help of visitor pattern, we can move the operational logic from the objects to another class.
- Observer: Establishes a one-to-many dependency between objects, meaning that all of the dependents (observers) of the subject are immediately updated and notified when the subject changes.
These patterns are widely recognized and utilized due to their ability to address common software design problems effectively. They continue to be fundamental in modern software engineering practices. If you need detailed explanations or examples of any specific pattern, feel free to ask!
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