Digital and On-screen Signatures: Distinguishing Points, Illustrations, and Legitimacy
In the digital age, signing documents has evolved beyond the traditional pen-and-paper method. Three primary types of signatures have emerged, each with its unique advantages and applications: digital, electronic, and graphometric signatures.
Digital signatures, a subset of electronic signatures, are the most secure and legally binding. They use cryptographic methods, such as public key infrastructure, to securely link identity and integrity to the signed document. This process involves the sender translating the document into code based on the public key provided by the signer, who then deciphers it using their private key.
Electronic signatures, on the other hand, encompass any electronic method confirming intent to sign a document. This can be as simple as a typed name or scanned image, or more complex, such as a username and password to access an online service or a bank PIN. While electronic signatures can be legally binding, they must comply with local e-signature laws, such as the U.S. ESIGN Act or the EU’s eIDAS regulation.
Graphometric signatures, also known as handwritten electronic or biometric signatures, capture biometric data such as stroke rhythm, pressure, and speed during signing on a touchscreen or signature pad. This combination of traditional handwritten experience with digital security ensures authenticity and traceability. Graphometric signatures are widely accepted as legally valid in many countries, making them ideal for face-to-face transactions and secure digital document management.
Remote signing is becoming increasingly popular due to its advantages, such as enabling signing of documents remotely, secure storage, and saving money on paper. Many companies use One Time Passwords (OTP) for advanced electronic signatures, which are unique and temporary codes sent via SMS or push notification. Tokens and smart cards, typically issued by the certifying authority, are also used for advanced electronic signatures and come in the form of a card or a USB drive, with a SIM card inserted inside.
Advanced electronic signatures (AES) and qualified electronic signatures (QES) offer greater security and legal binding than a simple electronic signature. An AES includes identification of the signer, uniqueness, exclusive control, integrity of the document, and the ability to verify changes. A QES requires a secure device, a token or smart card, and the intervention of a third party, a certification authority, making it the most secure and legally binding type of electronic signature.
For further information on the regulatory framework for electronic and digital signatures, there is an available article. It is essential to understand the differences between these signature types to ensure secure and legally binding transactions in the digital world.
[1]: https://www.wacom.com/en-us/products/accessories/signature-pads/stu-540 [2]: https://www.wacom.com/en-us/products/accessories/signature-pads/stu-540-features [3]: https://www.wacom.com/en-us/products/accessories/signature-pads/stu-540-specifications [5]: https://www.wacom.com/en-us/products/accessories/signature-pads/stu-540-faqs
Technology plays a significant role in the secure and legal signing of documents in the digital age. Digital signatures, a subset of electronic signatures, are the most secure, using cryptographic methods to ensure both identity and document integrity.
